Factors influencing body fat percentage -
Second, the lifelog data that we collected contain some missing values. A gradual decrease in compliance on record lifelog data was observed toward the end of the observation period.
We asked the participants to provide maximal information on meals during the study to estimate the lifestyle of the baseline and observation periods. The mean number of uploaded days of participants was Third, unlike whole genome sequencing WGS , DNA microarray could not completely represent the genetic information of an individual.
Therefore, some rare genetic mutations that cause severe obesity or metabolic problems might have been missed in the GRS model.
Investigating WGS would accurately represent a personalized healthcare platform. This would provide a personal genetic predisposition and precise genetic mutation causing disease. The result of genetic effects of lifestyle modification on BFM in the study is restricted to the Asian population.
Genetic susceptibility to obesity is related to the ethnic background since the relevant BMI per allele in Europeans is greater than in Asians 0. As a few studies have considered racial differences, multi-ethnic large-scale studies, using the same SNP set, should be conducted to estimate the accurate interactions between these parameters.
Recruiting participants interested in body fat mass change study may induce selection bias as collecting healthier than the average population. However, the mean BMI of participants is So the bias is less likely to affect the result. Along with this, the recommendation of volunteers who had BMI of 25 to participate in exercise modification group rather than nutrient modification group was suggested because the reduction of nutrients intake may result in worsening their health condition, however, it may also introduce selection bias.
Also, there could be an additional bias because the type of intervention can be chosen by the subjects. One of the potential confounding factors could be seasonal variation.
Since the seasons change during the 3 months in which the subjects participate, body fat mass may change without special dietary control. In order to minimize this effect, rather than focusing on the change in body fat mass itself, we focused on the difference in the amount of change between the GRS groups.
The enrollment date for all participants was within one week to ensure that all participants passed the same seasonal change. We note that if other researchers want to use this data for other purposes in the future, it should be used in consideration of the seasonal change between 3 months.
Finally, BFM, body fat percentage, and BMI varied based on their baseline lifestyle. Anthropometric measurements before participating in the study showed healthier values for those who actively participated in the study, and it may suspect a regular lifestyle of the high compliance group.
However, despite the compliance of participants in the study, both the high compliance and low compliance groups improved their health indicators through life modification Supplementary Fig.
Besides, small sample size, selection bias induced from recruiting and selecting lifestyle modification groups, and residual confounding may limit the external validity of the result.
Ultimately this represents the need for designing the study with sufficient sample size and controls of selection and confounding bias to highlight the interaction between genetic variants and environmental factors affecting obesity. Taken together, our findings clarify that genetic factors affect the efficiency of the lifestyle modification-induced BFM changes.
We investigated whether genetic factors, environmental factors, and the interaction of both play a role in determining the phenotypes, not only in obesity or BFM control but also in many other traits or diseases. Future studies will seek to explore the application of wearable devices tracking the lifestyle and individual genome to health care and expand the studies in non-European populations.
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Speliotes, E. That said, keeping your body fat low is more important than having a lower body weight. Your body fat can also vary by age. Your provider can also take all of these factors into account when helping you learn about your body composition and identify imbalances in body fat and lean mass you may have.
There are several different tests to measure body composition. Your healthcare provider can help you decide which assessment is best for you. Your options may include:. It's important to note that some people use weight scales to measure their body composition.
One study even compared the results from three different commercially available scales to a DXA scan and found the weight scales were inaccurate. A variety of factors can affect your body composition.
Unlike the BMI, your body composition takes the following factors into consideration:. Your healthcare provider can help you better understand important details about the percentage of body fat and lean mass in your body and offer advice on how to move forward.
If you want to change your body composition either by increasing lean mass or reducing body fat , here are some safe, effective ways to do so:. Body composition is the breakdown of body fat and lean mass that you carry. Unlike the BMI which only considers your height and weight, factors like your age, sex, hormone levels, lifestyle habits, and genetics all play a role in your body composition.
If you want a holistic assessment of the state of your health, knowing your body composition is more useful than just knowing your body weight or BMI. By looking at the breakdown of lean mass compared to fat in your body, you and your healthcare can develop a plan to make certain lifestyle changes that can help you reach your health goals and lower the risk of developing certain health conditions.
Sender R, Fuchs S, Milo R. Revised estimates for the number of human and bacteria cells in the body. PLoS Biol. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Metabolic testing. Etchison WC, Bloodgood EA, Minton CP, et al. Body mass index and percentage of body fat as indicators for obesity in an adolescent athletic population.
Sports Health. National Institute of General Medical Sciences. What do fats do in the body? Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. What causes type 2 diabetes? National Cancer Institute. Muscle types. American Cancer Society.
Normal weight ranges: Body mass index BMI. Body mass index BMI. Health effects of overweight and obesity. Holmes CJ, Racette SB. The utility of body composition assessment in nutrition and clinical practice: An overview of concurrent methodology.
American College of Sports Medicine. Home Nutrition News What Should I Eat? Role of Body Fat We may not appreciate body fat, especially when it accumulates in specific areas like our bellies or thighs.
Types of Body Fat Fat tissue comes in white, brown, beige, and even pink. Types Brown fat — Infants carry the most brown fat, which keeps them warm.
It is stimulated by cold temperatures to generate heat. The amount of brown fat does not change with increased calorie intake, and those who have overweight or obesity tend to carry less brown fat than lean persons.
White fat — These large round cells are the most abundant type and are designed for fat storage, accumulating in the belly, thighs, and hips. They secrete more than 50 types of hormones, enzymes, and growth factors including leptin and adiponectin, which helps the liver and muscles respond better to insulin a blood sugar regulator.
But if there are excessive white cells, these hormones are disrupted and can cause the opposite effect of insulin resistance and chronic inflammation. Beige fat — This type of white fat can be converted to perform similar traits as brown fat, such as being able to generate heat with exposure to cold temperatures or during exercise.
Pink fat — This type of white fat is converted to pink during pregnancy and lactation, producing and secreting breast milk. Essential fat — This type may be made up of brown, white, or beige fat and is vital for the body to function normally.
It is found in most organs, muscles, and the central nervous system including the brain. It helps to regulate hormones like estrogen, insulin, cortisol, and leptin; control body temperature; and assist in the absorption of vitamins and minerals.
Very high amounts of subcutaneous fat can increase the risk of disease, though not as significantly as visceral fat. Having a lot of visceral fat is linked with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and certain cancers. It may secrete inflammatory chemicals called cytokines that promote insulin resistance.
How do I get rid of belly fat? Losing weight can help, though people tend to lose weight pretty uniformly throughout the body rather than in one place. However, a long-term commitment to following exercise guidelines along with eating balanced portion-controlled meals can help to reduce dangerous visceral fat.
Also effective is avoiding sugary beverages that are strongly associated with excessive weight gain in children and adults.
Bioelectric Impedance BIA BIA equipment sends a small, imperceptible, safe electric current through the body, measuring the resistance. Underwater Weighing Densitometry or Hydrostatic Weighing Individuals are weighed on dry land and then again while submerged in a water tank. Air-Displacement Plethysmography This method uses a similar principle to underwater weighing but can be done in the air instead of in water.
Dilution Method Hydrometry Individuals drink isotope-labeled water and give body fluid samples. Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry DEXA X-ray beams pass through different body tissues at different rates.
Computerized Tomography CT and Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI These two imaging techniques are now considered to be the most accurate methods for measuring tissue, organ, and whole-body fat mass as well as lean muscle mass and bone mass. Is it healthier to carry excess weight than being too thin?
References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Adult obesity facts. Guerreiro VA, Carvalho D, Freitas P. Obesity, Adipose Tissue, and Inflammation Answered in Questions.
Journal of Obesity. Lustig RH, Collier D, Kassotis C, Roepke TA, Kim MJ, Blanc E, Barouki R, Bansal A, Cave MC, Chatterjee S, Choudhury M. Obesity I: Overview and molecular and biochemical mechanisms. Biochemical Pharmacology. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Body Mass Index: Considerations for practitioners. Kesztyüs D, Lampl J, Kesztyüs T. The weight problem: overview of the most common concepts for body mass and fat distribution and critical consideration of their usefulness for risk assessment and practice.
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Body-mass index and mortality among 1. New England Journal of Medicine. Di Angelantonio E, Bhupathiraju SN, Wormser D, Gao P, Kaptoge S, de Gonzalez AB, Cairns BJ, Huxley R, Jackson CL, Joshy G, Lewington S.
Body-mass index and all-cause mortality: individual-participant-data meta-analysis of prospective studies in four continents. The Lancet. Willett W, Nutritional Epidemiology. Zhang C, Rexrode KM, Van Dam RM, Li TY, Hu FB. Abdominal obesity and the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: sixteen years of follow-up in US women.
Zhang X, Shu XO, Yang G, Li H, Cai H, Gao YT, Zheng W. Abdominal adiposity and mortality in Chinese women. Archives of internal medicine.
Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults—The Evidence Report.
Jill is a registered influenclng who's been Factors influencing body fat percentage about nutrition, health, and fitness for Factors influencing body fat percentage than Factors influencing body fat percentage years. Citrus oil for refreshing scent Goldman, Vody. Do you prcentage a love-hate relationship perecntage your bathroom percntage The bathroom scale may be a good tool for measuring weight, but it may not accurately reflect your true health. Body composition takes your weight measurement one step further, figuring out what percentage of your weight comes from fat, muscle, and bone. The difference between fat mass and non-fat mass muscle and bone paints a more complete picture of your health and fitness.Video
5 Rules I Always Follow To Get Lean (You Must Try These Out!)Factors influencing body fat percentage -
Drugs such as steroids and some antidepressants may also cause weight gain. Research continues on the role of other factors such as chemical exposures and the role of the microbiome.
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References Bouchard C. Defining the genetic architecture of the predisposition to obesity: a challenging but not insurmountable task external icon. Am J Clin Nutr ; Choquet H, Meyre D. Genetics of obesity: what have we learned? external icon Curr Genomics. Connect with Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity.
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Email Address. What's this? Your body composition measures two important factors: your body fat and your lean mass. The weight on your scale measures how heavy you are in pounds or kilograms. Your BMI is a common measurement that healthcare providers use to quickly analyze your health data.
It's worth noting that the BMI measure is outdated and flawed because it makes assumptions about your overall health by only considering two factors: your height and weight. Specifically, your BMI is a ratio of your weight and height.
A BMI chart breaks down this ratio into four categories:. Body composition offers a much more thorough assessment of your health than body weight or BMI because it measures what percentages of fat and lean mass make up your total weight.
While two people might weigh the same, they could have completely different body compositions. Having a well-balanced body composition sets you up for long-term health success.
Body fat is necessary for survival and helps insulate protect you from extreme temperatures, cushions your organs, and stores energy. However, too much body fat can decrease your quality of life by putting you at risk of sleep apnea , breathing problems, and body aches. If your body has a higher body fat percentage, you may also be at an increased risk of developing cardiovascular heart diseases , type 2 diabetes , several types of cancer, and premature or, early death.
That said, keeping your body fat low is more important than having a lower body weight. Your body fat can also vary by age. Your provider can also take all of these factors into account when helping you learn about your body composition and identify imbalances in body fat and lean mass you may have.
There are several different tests to measure body composition. Your healthcare provider can help you decide which assessment is best for you.
Your options may include:. It's important to note that some people use weight scales to measure their body composition. One study even compared the results from three different commercially available scales to a DXA scan and found the weight scales were inaccurate.
A variety of factors can affect your body composition. Unlike the BMI, your body composition takes the following factors into consideration:. Your healthcare provider can help you better understand important details about the percentage of body fat and lean mass in your body and offer advice on how to move forward.
If you want to change your body composition either by increasing lean mass or reducing body fat , here are some safe, effective ways to do so:. Body composition is the breakdown of body fat and lean mass that you carry.
Unlike the BMI which only considers your height and weight, factors like your age, sex, hormone levels, lifestyle habits, and genetics all play a role in your body composition.
If you want a holistic assessment of the state of your health, knowing your body composition is more useful than just knowing your body weight or BMI. By looking at the breakdown of lean mass compared to fat in your body, you and your healthcare can develop a plan to make certain lifestyle changes that can help you reach your health goals and lower the risk of developing certain health conditions.
Sender R, Fuchs S, Milo R. Revised estimates for the number of human and bacteria cells in the body. PLoS Biol. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
Metabolic testing. Etchison WC, Bloodgood EA, Minton CP, et al. Body mass index and percentage of body fat as indicators for obesity in an adolescent athletic population.
Sports Health. National Institute of General Medical Sciences. What do fats do in the body? Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. What causes type 2 diabetes? National Cancer Institute. Muscle types. American Cancer Society.
Normal weight ranges: Body mass index BMI. Body mass index BMI. Health effects of overweight and obesity. Holmes CJ, Racette SB.
The utility of body composition assessment in nutrition and clinical practice: An overview of concurrent methodology. American College of Sports Medicine. Kasper AM, Langan-Evans C, Hudson JF, et al. Come back skinfolds, all is forgiven: A narrative review of the efficacy of common body composition methods in applied sports practice.
Frija-Masson J, Mullaert J, Vidal-Petiot E, Pons-Kerjean N, Flamant M, d'Ortho MP. Accuracy of smart scales on weight and body composition: Observational study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. St-Onge MP, Gallagher D. Body composition changes with aging: The cause or the result of alterations in metabolic rate and macronutrient oxidation?
Body Oats and protein source Factors influencing body fat percentage as ihfluencing grow and mature. Many factors influence these changes, including hormonal, environmental, Factors influencing body fat percentage disease percetage. Growth is associated with increases pedcentage fat-free mass and fat mass, and Factirs in Factor relative proportions of infliencing body components, inluencing have important implications for accurate measurement of body composition. The timing and distribution of changes in FM also have important implications for current and future health, including the risk of developing adult obesity and various metabolic complications such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and abnormal blood lipids. These topics are presented in greater detail below. Amounts of intra-abdominal or visceral adipose tissue are thought to be negligible at birth. In both sexes, total body fat mass increases during adolescence as well as slowly with age during adulthood. Maintaining a healthy body fat percentage is important for overall well-being, but what exactly does Body shape success stories mean? In this article, we'll percentagee Factors influencing body fat percentage topic Fators body fat percentage Fadtors what it takes to achieve a healthy range. Body fat percentage is the amount of body fat compared to the rest of your body tissue. A higher body fat percentage means that you have more fat tissue in your body compared to muscle, bone, and other tissue. This can be an indicator of overall health and fitness. It's important to note that having some body fat is necessary for good health.
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