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The Dexcom G6 Can Read Your Blood Sugar Without Any Blood - CNBC Monltoring article was originally published in July and has since been updated with the most Wireless glucose monitoring tlucose in blood sugar Wjreless. Will the daily routine of finger pricking to monitor blood sugar Wireless glucose monitoring finally come to an end for the millions hlucose with diabetes? Diabetes Boxing workouts over million adults worldwide. People with diabetes have to test their blood sugar levels several times a day, usually by pricking their finger with a lancet. This can be uncomfortable and painful for many, which can result in less frequent testing and consequently worse control of blood sugar levels. The last decade has seen the rise of blood sugar monitors that are installed by pricking the skin and only need replacing every few weeks. One of the best sellers is FreeStyle Libre, developed by Abbott Diabetes Care in the U.While finger stick monitors have long been moitoring mainstay in Wieless management, pricking Wirepess finger mnitoring obtain a Wireless glucose monitoring sample several times a day ,onitoring be painful and monigoring. The RMR and daily energy requirements of times Wireldss day depends Witeless your individual gluose and the monioring plan your doctor has prescribed.
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It does glucpse require finger-prick Wireless glucose monitoring samples. Mmonitoring, this meter reads glucose from interstitial fluids just monjtoring the monioring. The FreeStyle Libre works via a sensor you wear on the back of your upper arm, which you monigoring every Wirelezs days.
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The monitornig Libre system does not come konitoring alarms to alert you when your blood sugar is too Stress relief pills or too monitorinb. However, the Libre 2 mlnitoring does have these Brain and cognitive health supplements. While the Libre is intended for adults, the Libre 2 Canned vegetable options be suitable for children.
Note that gluucose is now a Libre Cognitive enhancement strategies system, which is approved for use by people with diabetes in Europe.
While users enjoy the ability to check their blood glucose without the use of finger pricks, there are reports of inaccurate numbers.
You may also experience skin irritation from applying the sensor. Learn more about the FreeStyle Libre 2. Eversense, a subcutaneous implant device made by Senseonics, is another type of CGM on the market. It was FDA approved in for people with diabetes.
Eversense works via a small sensor implanted in your skin, along with a transmitter you wear on top. This is usually applied to your upper arm. It measures your glucose in your interstitial fluids every 5 minutes and sends the data to your smartphone.
The sensor works for up to 90 days at a time. This is an important consideration to talk about with your doctor before determining the ideal insertion site. Learn more about the Eversense CGM here.
The Dexcom G6 received FDA approval in This CGM is designed for people ages 2 years and older. The Dexcom G6 consists of a sensor you wear just underneath the surface of your skin in the abdominal area. It lasts for 10 days at a time and is also water resistant.
The sensor transmits your glucose information every 5 minutes to a smart device, including phones, watches, and tablets. Overall, users have reported accurate results with the Dexcom G6, but they dislike the need to have to change the sensor after 10 days.
Learn more about the Dexcom G6 CGM. Also approved by the FDA inthe Guardian Connect System is a CGM made by Medtronic, a company that also makes insulin pumps. The system works similarly to the Dexcom G6 in that you wear a sensor on your abdomen along with a transmitter that then submits your glucose information to a smart device every 5 minutes.
You can also wear this device on your arm, similar to the FreeStyle Libre. However, the Guardian Connect is only approved for people ages 14 years and older.
Learn more about the Guardian Connect System. D-Base is a new form of CGM that uses heat to measure blood sugar levels. It was created by DiaMonTecha German company.
The results are then drawn from the amount of heat increase in the skin. In preclinical tests, it was found to be as accurate as test strips. One major downside to the D-Base model is its size. Learn more about the D-Base system. Besides the above four CGMs, other meters are being developed that do not require blood samples.
One such CGM is called GlucoTrack by Integrity Applications, which measures blood glucose via your earlobe.
Other types of technologies may be seen soon to help improve diabetes management without the need for finger pricks. Read more about CGMs and how to choose one from DiabetesMine. A CGM is a type of meter that does not require a blood sample.
Most CGMs detect glucose through interstitial fluids in skin tissues. Noninvasive glucose meters such as CGMs are considered both convenient and effective, though they may not be as accurate when compared with traditional meters.
Some CGMs have the capability of connecting to and downloading blood glucose information to your smartwatch. Depending on your plan, you may still have out-of-pocket costs.
You may ask the pharmacist or manufacturer about possible coupons and discounts to help offset the costs. While traditional blood glucose meters remain standard, noninvasive options are continuously being developed to make checking your blood glucose easier and less painful.
Depending on the type of meter you choose, you may have to wear a sensor on different areas of the body and switch it out after a certain amount of time. Talk with your doctor about your concerns with blood glucose monitoringand whether a noninvasive meter may better fit your needs.
Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. Checking your blood glucose level several times a day is vital to managing diabetes. Testing your blood sugar yourself on an at-home meter is fairly….
Regular blood glucose tests are an essential part of your diabetes care plan. Learn more here. When you have diabetes, checking your blood sugar regularly comes with the territory.
Are there ways to check without a meter? New research suggests that logging high weekly totals of moderate to vigorous physical activity can reduce the risk of developing chronic kidney….
Kelly Clarkson revealed that she was diagnosed with prediabetes, a condition characterized by higher-than-normal blood sugar levels, during an episode…. New research has revealed that diabetes remission is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease.
Type 2…. A Quiz for Teens Are You a Workaholic? How Well Do You Sleep? Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. Medically reviewed by Kelly Wood, MD — By Sarah Kester — Updated on January 29, On this page How to choose Our picks Tips for use FAQs Costs The bottom line. How to choose a glucose monitor.
Discover more about Type 2 Diabetes. Explore our top resources. Tips to make glucose monitoring easier. Frequently asked questions. What are the costs of glucose meters? The bottom line. How we reviewed this article: Sources. Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations.
We avoid using tertiary references. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy. Jan 29, Edited By Christina Snyder. Mar 10, Edited By Candice Abellon. Medically Reviewed By Debra Sullivan, PhD, MSN, RN, CNE, COI.
: Wireless glucose monitoring| FreeStyle Libre: Your Continuous Glucose Monitoring System | Failure to confirm glucose levels when your symptoms do not match the SG value can result in the infusion of too much or too little insulin, which may cause hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. Pump therapy is not recommended for people whose vision or hearing does not allow for the recognition of pump signals, alerts, or alarms. En Español. Continuous glucose monitoring Continuous glucose monitoring CGM gives you a more complete picture of your glucose levels, which can lead to better lifestyle decisions and better glucose control. Get started. What is CGM? Predictive alerts - taking action sooner 1. What are the benefits of CGM? See how much more it can do as part of a system. CGM device systems By connecting the CGM to a smart insulin pen or insulin pump, you allow technology to help do more of the thinking, remembering, and acting, when it comes to managing diabetes. CGM with Smart Insulin Injection System For people who manage their diabetes with injections, the smart insulin injection system can help reduce the physical and mental effort required to manage diabetes. With a smart insulin injection system, you get: Insulin tracking and dose reminders Dosing recommendations Actionable glucose alerts Learn more. We never want cost to be a barrier to getting diabetes technology. We have CGM access discounts and programs to help get you started! Learn more ». Talk to a diabetes therapy consultant To request a free insurance coverage check and learn more about your eligibility and potential out-of-pocket costs, please complete the form below or call , and one of our Diabetes Therapy consultants will be happy to assist you. How is diabetes managed? How long have you owned your Medtronic pump? To provide a readout, the sensor is clipped on the ear. The device is indicated for adults with type 2 diabetes and is marketed in Europe. and is developing the second generation of GlucoTrack, which consists of a wireless ear clip sensor paired with a smartphone. Initial study results of the Gen 2 monitor have shown good performance and accuracy. glucoWISE is a sensor under development that could measure blood glucose levels by just placing it on the skin between the thumb and forefinger. The real-time measurements are then sent directly to a smartphone app. By using a specific frequency of radio waves to measure blood glucose levels, the developers believe the device would be more accurate than are other wireless glucose monitors. The U. firm behind the technology, MediWise, was acquired by the Canadian smart materials and photonics specialist Meta Materials in Meta Materials is continuing the development of glucoWISE, which has already been tested in two small-scale human trials. Earlier this year, the device was granted a U. patent for non-invasive glucose sensing system. NovioSense is a Dutch startup working on a blood sugar monitor that is placed under the lower eyelid, from where it can wirelessly send glucose measurements directly to a smartphone. The device consists of a flexible metal coil of just two centimeters in length with nanosensors contained inside. In turn, the coil is covered by a protective layer of soft hydrogel. The coil can measure minute-to-minute changes in the glucose levels of tear fluid by using the same enzyme technology on which conventional glucose strip tests are based. According to results from a clinical study published in , the device is comparable in accuracy to the FreeStyle Libre. developer Occuity looks within the eyeball — similarly to the Google Contact Lens — as it is a transparent, stable environment whose glucose levels correlate with those of the blood. The Occuity Indigo sends a faint beam of light into the eyeball and measures the light that bounces back into the device. It can infer glucose levels in the eye based on the refraction of the returning light. Though continuous glucose monitors are more expensive, they can help you understand what types of food and exercise are best for you. To read your blood sugar on the Freestyle Libre, you do a quick scan with the CGM device to get a reading. There's also optional alarms if your blood sugar gets too high or too low. Rebecca Fenichel, an endocrinologist at Westmed Medical Group , and was previously recommended by Dr. Josh Emdur, medical director of SteadyMD. The Dexcom G6 doesn't require you to manually scan to get a glucose level reading -- instead you get a wireless reading either on a dedicated receiver device or to your phone or Apple Watch. The Dexcom G6 reads your blood sugar every 5 minutes, keeping track of your blood sugar level as long as you're wearing it night and day. You can set a custom range for where you'd like your blood sugar to be, and if it goes into low blood sugar or high blood sugar ranges you set, you will get notified. The Dexcom monitor is also approved in pregnancy and offers continuous monitoring that you can see on your phone at all times," Fenichel said. Note, Jan. This sensor is smaller than the G6 and has an improved alert system, along with a few other differences. The Dexcom G6 is a wireless continuous glucose monitor that sends near constant readings via Bluetooth to a smartphone or watch app. Its readings are a few minutes behind, but its depth of data is like no finger stick. If you want a device that you can set up and don't have to worry about reinserting for up to days, Eversense is a great option for diabetes management. A health care provider will insert the sensor, and then you place the transmitter above that. Once the sensor is in place, you don't have to change it out for about days, a long sensor life. The transmitter itself can alert you if your blood sugar is too high or low, and you can also have wireless readings sent to your phone via an app. You can share your blood glucose data from your app with your doctor or anyone else who wants to check your blood sugar readings. The Guardian Connect System is a CGM that can tell you your current glucose readings quickly via a connected app and also lets you easily access trends and data about your blood sugar over time. One feature that stands out with The Guardian is the "predictive" alerts you can get about your sugar. Unlike other CGM systems that alert you when your sugar is already high or low, The Guardian uses technology that predicts when your blood sugar might get high or low, before it happens. Another feature that comes with the monitor is the Sugar. IQ diabetes assistant app for diabetes management, which uses your data to help you figure out what diet, exercise and insulin works best for you. When choosing continuous glucose monitors for this list, we look at which models were previously recommended by doctors. We also look to include a CGM that had a longer-lasting sensor life and include models that are popular choices for people with diabetes. While anyone can buy a regular blood glucose meter, you'll need a prescription from your doctor for a CGM system. Doctors may recommend a continuous blood glucose monitoring device for reasons tied to your unique health circumstances and lifestyle, to track your personal glucose trends and keep on top of your insulin levels, but a CGM device may not work for everyone's unique diabetes care plan. CGM devices can also give you and your doctor more information about blood sugar levels than a standard meter -- like if your blood sugar begins to drop too low, the device can warn you about your dropping blood glucose levels, "which can be a very helpful feature in helping patients avoid hypoglycemia," Fenichel said. No, continuous glucose monitors are available only by prescription. You can get a regular glucose monitor without a doctor, however. Many insurance plans, Medicaid or Medicare will cover a continuous glucose monitor, though they may require prior authorization. But the cheapest way to get a continuous glucose monitor is to go through your insurance, Medicaid or Medicare -- you could potentially get one for free. Wellness Medical. Best Continuous Glucose Monitors of Continuous glucose monitors help you track your blood sugar and manage your diabetes. Written by Mercey Livingston , Kim Wong-Shing. Our expert, award-winning staff selects the products we cover and rigorously researches and tests our top picks. |
| Categories | Then, the Wireless glucose monitoring patch glucoee connected Wireless glucose monitoring mointoring electrochemical workstation Fig. Pros less pricey than glucode options on our list stores 1, results at one time connects to Apple and Android devices. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated. Type Intermittent-scan continuous glucose monitor. A quick look at the best meters and continuous glucuse monitors. |
| Highly integrated watch for noninvasive continual glucose monitoring | The artificial glucise is mainly used Wireless glucose monitoring help people Wireless glucose monitoring Wirelses 1 diabetes keep their glucose levels in their target range. Sensor life days. Keep important people in the know. Lowell, B. China Chem. |
| Überzeugen Sie sich von unseren zahlreichen Produktvorteilen | A CGM costs more than using a standard glucose meter, but it may be covered by your health insurance. Quelle: Daten liegen vor. The signals are further transmitted and processed by the filter circuitry Fig. a Schematic diagram of glucose monitoring in the thin-layer electrochemical model. FreeStyle Libre 3 ist auf Rezept, über Einzelkauf und im praktischen Abo erhältlich. Subjects Biosensors Electrical and electronic engineering. |
Wireless glucose monitoring -
Mehr erfahren. Mit Hilfe von LibreLinkUp 8 Glukosewerte mit Ihren Liebsten teilen 4,5. Der Sensor kann bis zu 14 Tage lang getragen werden. Eine zusätzliche Prüfung der Glukosewerte mittels eines Blutzucker-Messgeräts ist erforderlich, wenn die Symptome nicht mit den Messwerten oder den Alarmen des Systems übereinstimmen.
Das Setzen eines Sensors erfordert ein Einführen des Sensorfilaments unter die Haut. Der Sensor ist 60 Minuten nach der Aktivierung für die Glukosemessung bereit. Die Übertragung der Daten zwischen den Apps erfordert eine Internetverbindung.
Das Teilen der Glukosedaten erfordert eine Registrierung bei LibreView. Es besteht die Möglichkeit, die LibreLinkUp Einladung anzunehmen und damit Benachrichtigungen und Warnhinweise zu erhalten oder diese abzulehnen.
Eine Entscheidung hierüber sollten Sie basierend auf Ihren Kenntnissen und Erfahrungen treffen, um bei dem Erhalt eines zu hohen oder zu niedrigen Glukosewerts angemessen reagieren zu können.
Die Aussage basiert auf der Anzahl der Nutzer des FreeStyle Libre Messsystems weltweit im Vergleich zu der Nutzeranzahl anderer führender sensorbasierter Glukosemessysteme für den persönlichen Gebrauch.
Quelle: Daten liegen vor. Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc. Haak, Thomas, et al. Diabetes Therapy. Studie wurde mit Erwachsenen durchgeführt. Bolinder, Jan, et al. The Lancet. Die Nutzung von LibreLinkUp erfordert eine Registrierung bei LibreView.
Im Vergleich mit anderen am Körper zu tragenden Sensoren. Daten liegen vor. Abbott Diabetes Care. Die FreeStyle Libre 3 App ist nur mit bestimmten Mobilgeräten und Betriebssystemen kompatibel. Bevor Sie die App nutzen möchten, besuchen Sie bitte die Webseite www.
de um mehr Informationen zur Gerätekompatibilität zu erhalten. Ein Sensor kann nur mit dem FreeStyle Libre 3 Lesegerät oder der App aktiviert und genutzt werden. Ein Wechsel ist nach der Aktivierung des Sensors nicht möglich.
LibreView ist eine cloudbasierte Anwendung. Die FreeStyle Libre Messsysteme sind zertifiziert für Kinder ab 4 Jahren sowie Erwachsene, einschließlich Schwangere. Die Aufsichtspflicht über die Anwendung und die Auswertung von einem FreeStyle Libre Messsystem bei Kindern bis zur Vollendung des Lebensjahres obliegt der Verantwortung einer volljährigen Person.
Alarme sind standardgemäß ausgeschaltet und müssen eingeschaltet werden. Im Vergleich mit anderen vom Patienten selbst anzubringenden Sensoren. Für Menschen mit Typ 1 oder Typ 2 und intensivierter Insulintherapie.
Die Entscheidung einer Krankenkasse zur Kostenübernahme eines FreeStyle Libre Messsystems ist eine Einzelfallentscheidung. Eine Krankenkasse kann die Kostenübernahme auch ablehnen, sofern die Voraussetzungen für die Kostenübernahme im Einzelfall nicht erfüllt sind. Für medizinische Hilfsmittel fällt eine gesetzliche Zuzahlung an.
glucoWISE is a sensor under development that could measure blood glucose levels by just placing it on the skin between the thumb and forefinger. The real-time measurements are then sent directly to a smartphone app.
By using a specific frequency of radio waves to measure blood glucose levels, the developers believe the device would be more accurate than are other wireless glucose monitors. The U. firm behind the technology, MediWise, was acquired by the Canadian smart materials and photonics specialist Meta Materials in Meta Materials is continuing the development of glucoWISE, which has already been tested in two small-scale human trials.
Earlier this year, the device was granted a U. patent for non-invasive glucose sensing system. NovioSense is a Dutch startup working on a blood sugar monitor that is placed under the lower eyelid, from where it can wirelessly send glucose measurements directly to a smartphone.
The device consists of a flexible metal coil of just two centimeters in length with nanosensors contained inside. In turn, the coil is covered by a protective layer of soft hydrogel.
The coil can measure minute-to-minute changes in the glucose levels of tear fluid by using the same enzyme technology on which conventional glucose strip tests are based.
According to results from a clinical study published in , the device is comparable in accuracy to the FreeStyle Libre. developer Occuity looks within the eyeball — similarly to the Google Contact Lens — as it is a transparent, stable environment whose glucose levels correlate with those of the blood.
The Occuity Indigo sends a faint beam of light into the eyeball and measures the light that bounces back into the device. It can infer glucose levels in the eye based on the refraction of the returning light. The technology, which is still in research and development, was crowdfunded on Seedrs.
Occuity is also developing a similar device that can screen people at risk of developing diabetes and other health conditions in the future.
SugarBEAT, developed by U. biotech Nemaura Medical, is a replaceable skin patch attached to a transmitter suitable for people with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes as well as pre-diabetes. c The blood glucose variation curve of a volunteer measured by the watch during the daytime compared to true blood glucose values reference obtained from finger blood.
d Glucose concentrations before and after a meal measured by the watch from five volunteers. of five replicates. e Plot of glucose concentrations measured from 23 volunteers by the watch and by a commercial glucose meter. All fingerstick blood tests except the second were performed immediately after meals.
A two-volunteer 1 diabetic and 1 nondiabetic trial was conducted to assess the accuracy of consecutive measurements by the watch. Five fasting glucose levels of each volunteer were measured by the watch within 1.
The two types of results matched well for both volunteers, indicating good accuracy and reproducibility of glucose measurements by the watch in the short term Fig.
This result also serves as circumstantial evidence of the reproducibility of the iontophoresis function in the watch. We further tested the performance of the watch on five other volunteers, measuring their blood glucose levels before and after a meal.
The watch successfully captured the increase in blood glucose levels after a meal Fig. To evaluate the accuracy of glucose measurements by the watch with a widely acknowledged criterion, the Clarke error grid was plotted using the measurement results obtained from 23 volunteers Fig. The results and statistics of measurement by the watch are presented in Fig.
S11 and Table S3. The percentage of data points in zone A and zone B of the Clarke error grid, which represents clinically accepted accurate readings and acceptable moderate readings that would not lead to inappropriate treatments, indicates the accuracy of the tested glucose meter.
Remarkably, no experimental data points fell in zone D or zone E, suggesting that the watch yields high-quality measurement results without misleading or false readings The data points are concentrated in zone A Additionally, all volunteers reported a comfortable wearing experience resembling that of commercial smartwatches, with no obvious sensational difference e.
To verify that daily body motions do not impair the sensing performance of the watch, we compared the measurement results from two watches, one worn on a static arm and the other on a moving arm, of the same nondiabetic volunteer. The difference between the average results of six measurements each from the two watches was 2.
S12 , comparable to the error of the same sensor between repeated measurements, indicating that daily body motions do not affect the performance of the watch. In summary, we developed a highly integrated glucose monitoring watch and achieved noninvasive continual blood glucose monitoring with clinically acceptable accuracy.
Reverse iontophoresis-based ISF extraction by a flexible glucose sensor patch allows painless glucose detection, and the watch-like design ensures comfortable daily wear, facilitating continual glucose monitoring. Real-life testing of the watch on 23 volunteers revealed Subsequent efforts could be made in a few directions; for example, the accuracy could be improved by providing customized models to accommodate potentially interfering factors such as age, gender 38 , exercise 39 , and illness The PCB could be miniaturized and integrated into existing smartwatch models to create a truly noninvasive continuous glucose monitoring smartwatch.
All reagents were used as received. The fabrication of the electrodes is illustrated in Fig. First, the polyimide PI film was cleaned with acetone, ethanol, and ultrapure water.
Then, the electrode and wire areas were defined by a photolithographed layer of positive photoresist AZ Finally, another layer of positive photoresist AZ was photolithographed onto the nonelectrode areas to insulate the wires. For the working electrodes, three modification steps were performed sequentially, coating the Au electrode with a Prussian blue PB layer, a GO x selective membrane, and a Nafion film.
PB was electrodeposited onto the Au electrodes at 0. The designated counter electrodes were left unmodified. where D m is the mass diffusive coefficient and C g is the glucose concentration. As glucose is rapidly consumed in the extracted ISF, the mass transfer pattern quickly switches from a semi-infinite diffusion model to a finite diffusion model, i.
Taking semi-infinite diffusion and the boundary effect into account 36 , the following equation is obtained using the Laplace transform:.
The switching of one of them from 1 to 0 and the other from 0 to 1 represents the complete switching of the diffusion model applied, i.
The PCB circuit is based around the STM32LK8 bit microcontroller Texas Instruments module 3 in Fig. In the schematic diagram of the microcontroller interface, PA1 and PA5 are connected to the working electrodes for amperometric signal reading, and PA8 is connected to the constant current source for current delivery for reverse iontophoresis Fig.
The Bluetooth chip is connected to pins PA2 and PA3 of the microcontroller to achieve wireless transmission to a cell phone. The signals are further transmitted and processed by the filter circuitry Fig.
On the sensor interface, pins 1, 5, 6, and 12 correspond to the extraction electrodes; pins 2 and 11 correspond to the counter electrodes; pins 3 and 10 correspond to the working electrodes; and pins 4 and 7 correspond to the reference electrodes Fig.
A mobile application was designed for a better user experience. As shown in Figs. In addition, the application is capable of storing historic data and plotting the trend of blood glucose over the period of wearing.
The on-body testing of the watch was performed in compliance with the protocol that was approved by the institutional review board of China-Japan Friendship Hospital K Thirteen diabetic patients aged 40—60 were recruited from China-Japan Friendship Hospital, and 10 nonpatients aged 20—40 were recruited within Beihang University.
Six fingerstick blood samples were taken from each subject and measured by a commercial glucose meter Accusure , Yuwell Co. The values obtained with the commercial glucose meter and with our watch were recorded and further analyzed. To test the reproducibility of the reverse iontophoresis function, we carried out volunteer trials.
Two volunteers 1 diabetic patient and 1 nonpatient were asked to wear the watch in a static position between and in the afternoon.
Each watch was able to run 5 blood glucose tests during the 1. was performed for each volunteer at each time point when the watch ran its glucose measurement. We conducted further experiments to verify that body motion did not cause inaccurate test results.
A nondiabetic volunteer wore a glucose detecting watch on each wrist. Lowell, B. Mitochondrial dysfunction and type 2 diabetes. Science , — Article Google Scholar. Yu, Y. Flexible electrochemical bioelectronics: The rise of in situ bioanalysis.
Kim, J. Wearable non-invasive epidermal glucose sensors: A review. Talanta , — Li, H. Nanoscale 13 , — Bariya, M. Wearable sweat sensors. Wearable biosensors for healthcare monitoring. Zhao, J. Body-interfaced chemical sensors for noninvasive monitoring and analysis of biofluids.
Trends Chem. Xie, Z. Flexible and stretchable antennas for biointegrated electronics. Li, X. Triboelectric nanogenerators for self-powered drug delivery.
Xu, J. Wearable biosensors for non-invasive sweat diagnostics. Biosensors 11 , Yu, J. et al. Microneedle-array patches loaded with hypoxia-sensitive vesicles provide fast glucose-responsive insulin delivery. Natl Acad. USA , — Lee, H. A graphene-based electrochemical device with thermoresponsive microneedles for diabetes monitoring and therapy.
Teymourian, H. Microneedle-based detection of ketone bodies along with glucose and lactate: Toward real-time continuous interstitial fluid monitoring of diabetic ketosis and ketoacidosis.
Jk, A. Wearable salivary uric acid mouthguard biosensor with integrated wireless electronics. Liao, Y. A 3-W CMOS glucose sensor for wireless contact-lens tear glucose monitoring. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 47 , — Mitsubayashi, K. Cavitas sensors: Contact lens type sensors and mouthguard sensors.
Electroanalysis 28 , — Park, J. Soft, smart contact lenses with integrations of wireless circuits, glucose sensors, and displays. Bandodkar, A. Tattoo-based noninvasive glucose monitoring: A proof-of-concept study.
A fully integrated and self-powered smartwatch for continuous sweat glucose monitoring. ACS Sens. Chen, Y. Skin-like biosensor system via electrochemical channels for noninvasive blood glucose monitoring. Pu, Z.
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